There are more advanced formulas for expressing roots of cubic and quartic polynomials, and also a number of numeric methods for approximating roots of arbitrary polynomials. One also learns how to find roots of all quadratic polynomials, using square roots (arising from the discriminant) when necessary. One learns about the "factor theorem," typically in a second course on algebra, as a way to find all roots that are rational numbers. This polynomial is considered to have two roots, both equal to 3. To understand what is meant by multiplicity, take, for example. If has degree, then it is well known that there are roots, once one takes into account multiplicity. ![]() The largest exponent of appearing in is called the degree of.
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